Important topics for Ugc Net English -What is literary criticism

Nature and function of Literary Criticism

• Greek work – Judgment
• Judgment on works of literature
• Examine its Excellencies and defects
• Evaluating its artistic worth

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T.S. Eliot “Criticism is the commentation and exposition of works of art by means of written words.”

Matthew Arnold “ Criticism is a disinterested endeavor to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world .”

Note:- These are important topics to clear UGC NET ENGLISH 2022.

Three things which causes diversity in opinion :-

• Individual prejudices and predilections
• Different theory of poetry
• The spirit of age

Chief functions of criticism

• Evaluation.
• Interpretation
• Elucidation

Principles of criticism:-

• Principle of truth
• Principle of symmetry
• Principle of idealization

Types of Literary Criticism:-

• Legislative Criticism
• Judicial criticism
• Theoretical criticism
• Evaluative criticism
• Historical Criticism
• Biographical Criticism
• Comparative Criticism
• Descriptive Criticism
• Impressionistic criticism
• Textual or Ontological criticism
• Psychological Criticism
• Sociological and Marxist criticism
• Archetypal Criticism

 

 NOTE:- We must study each topics separately to understand all types of criticism for Ugc Net English .

Legislative criticism –

The  critic sought to teach writers how to write or how to write better and laid down canons, rules, formulae of literary compositions.

Judicial criticism: -

Gives judgment on works of literature on certain rules – If work adhers to rules, it is good , if not it is condemned as worthless.

Theoretical criticism:-

Focus on process of creation and basic principles of artistic beauty. ( Starting point – Sidney’s Apology for Poetry )

Evaluative Criticism:-

It does evaluation and assessment of the worth and significance of a work of art.

Historical Criticism :-

This examines a work with reference to its social milieu. It relates the writers to his age.

Biographical criticism:-

It is Closely akin to historical criticism. It evaluates a work on the basis of the facts of the life of its author.

Comparative criticism:-

It evaluates a work by comparing it with other works of a similar works. (Touch stone – Arnold)

Descriptive criticism:-

It is analysis of existing literary works of their aims, methods and effects.

Impressionistic criticism:-

The critic does not evaluate a work , he does not call it good or bad, rather he seeks to convey his own enjoyment of it to his readers.

Textual or Ontological criticism:-Important- Modern literature

Analyses only text without the other factors. For instance biography, history, psychology etc. 

Psychological criticism: - (I.A. Richards)

It analyzes the unconscious repressions and the interior life of writer and its references to work, for better understanding and more exact interpretation on his art.

Sociological and Marxist criticism:- (Social contexts and social effect)

Sociological criticism starts with a conviction that art’s relation to society and investigates that relationship.

 Archetypal criticism:- (Branch of psychological criticism)

The archetypal criticism is based on the Freud’s theory of collective consciousness that civilized man preserves.

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